Women’s Participation Key to Realization of Peace and Security in Uganda

This policy brief presents key findings from a national study on the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (UNSCR 1325) in Uganda, with a particular focus on the participation pillar of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda. The study assessed levels of knowledge, perceptions, and practical application of the resolution across 25 districts using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods.

Uganda has demonstrated strong policy commitment to UNSCR 1325 through the development of three National Action Plans (NAPs), with the current NAP III (2021–2025) prioritising meaningful participation of women in peacebuilding, leadership, governance, conflict prevention, and recovery. Affirmative action policies, alongside sustained engagement by civil society organisations and development partners, have contributed to increased representation of women in decision-making spaces.

However, the study reveals that women’s participation often remains symbolic rather than influential. Deeply entrenched patriarchal norms, limited access to education and resources, and socio-cultural barriers continue to restrict women’s effective engagement, particularly in formal peace negotiations and security decision-making. Women’s contributions are most visible at community and informal levels, frequently aligned with traditional caregiving roles.

The policy brief calls for targeted investments in women’s education, economic empowerment, and leadership capacity, as well as stronger gender-responsive institutional frameworks. It also emphasises the need to address socio-cultural and religious barriers that undermine women’s voices. Strengthening women’s meaningful participation is essential for achieving sustainable peace and security in Uganda.

Developed with support from UN Women, Makerere University and the Royal Norwegian Embassy.