The Positive Contributions of Migrant Women in Ethiopia

This study explores public perceptions of Ethiopian migrant women alongside their economic and social contributions, offering an evidence-based narrative that moves beyond portrayals of vulnerability and victimhood. While labor migration, particularly to the Middle East and Gulf countries, provides critical livelihood opportunities, it also exposes women to heightened risks of exploitation, gender-based violence and limited access to services. Upon return, many encounter social stigma, marginalization and limited reintegration support.

Drawing on qualitative research with migrant women returnees and key stakeholders, the study highlights migrant women’s vital roles as remittance senders, entrepreneurs and contributors to household welfare and local economies. Their migration experiences not only demonstrate resilience and economic agency but also contribute to shifts in social norms, including increased autonomy, leadership and recognition as primary breadwinners.

Despite these contributions, migrant women continue to face persistent systemic barriers that limit the recognition of their rights, voices and contributions. The findings reveal a disconnect between stigmatizing public perceptions and migrant women’s self-perceptions. By centering lived experiences, the study recommends actively promoting positive and inclusive narratives that portray migrant women as agents of change and drivers of Ethiopia's socioeconomic progress.